Every year, more than 100.000 tests of screening are performed in the world at a 30 million dollar cost. Trials of medicaments are conceived to discern and to discourage abuses of drug products by the rivals. Trial procedures for abuse of drugs in sports are strict and sometimes considered excessive by the athletes. They are considered as faithless because the athletes are responsible to know what is forbidden in spite of the fact that additions are almost performed every day in the list of prohibited substances. The best possible solution is to avoid all medicaments, unless they appear on the list allowed by substances.
He ya some athletes who will try to beat the test. When the athletes know when a test of drug they occur, can get ready to think about it and so to neutralise the effects of the screening of drugs on the use of drugs improving performance and / or masquants agents. All year long on short notice and any test of notice the most efficient means are to restrain the consumption of drugs of training because they always make the athletes at risk of dont passing drug test.
TESTS ON DRUGS PROCEDURE
The procedure of screening of drugs begins with the catch of a sample of urine. Although it seems simple, it initiates a process official and very regulated procedure aiming at guaranteeing that the sample of urine which arrives at the laboratory indeed comes from the athlete in question, without any possibility of touching the sample. Once chosen for the screening of drugs, the athlete is notified by a civil servant and asked to sign a form of recognition of this notification. The athlete in May May or not to be accompanied by a civil servant and must attend the trial station within indicated period. The trial station is supposed to be a comfortable and private place, where many drinks are available. Several times, it is set up inside an unit especially conceived motives of screening. Independent senior civil servants of sampling, who are formed and indicated by the organ of administration, to undertake the collection of samples of urine. Every agent carries an identity card at limited time and an endorsement letter for the demonstration to which they are appointed.
Before giving a sample of urine, the athlete is told to choose two numbered bottles. Having given the sample (about 100 ml), the athlete must voluntarily fill a form. The athlete declares any treatment medicament taken in the course of seven last days and must prove and sign that one took a sample of the sample and was put in bottles correctly. The sample of urine is then transmitted for analysis in a laboratory currently accredited by CIO. In the case of a result of positive test, the laboratory informs the Directorate of sports, which will then be to notify the athlete. The rules of the Directorate of sports especially to determine what arrives then. Rules vary according to the organs of administration, sports and country. An athlete is generally hanging during a positive result is studied, but he has the right to have one second analyse the sample of urine. This analysis in May to be directly noticed by the sportsman or by the representative of the athlete. He ya then an audience in which the athlete is time when business is introduced. A call can be made, and him ya had recourse successfully so much to the United States and other countries.
COLLECTION OF SAMPLES OF URINE
The procedure of test have to be strictly respected so that all athletes accept the same treatment. Collection of the sample of urine must be respected because the drug addicts in May to try to falsify results by the manipulation of samples. Volume, pH, and, in certain cases, specific gravity and temperature of the sample are immediately tested. These simple tests to prove someone of methods known of cheating the tests of drugs, at this precocious stadium. The pH of the urine is tested to discern the tries to change the nature of the sample, what can affect the analysis of some medicaments, as well as their metabolism and of mine clearance. Bicarbonate of sodium, for example, can be taken by the mouth to change the urinary pH. The pH is also tested to prove that the level of deterioration, a sample of which in May knew at the time when it is tested, in allowable borders. Specific weight is proved for tries to dilute the concentration of the drug, as it is case by deliberate use of diuretics.
To be sure that the sample comes in reality from the athlete, the agent of control must be capable of seeing the flux of urine of the athlete in the bottle. The masculine athletes are invited to undress in their size and to reduce their short films to knees. The athletes female must also be noticed from too close distance while they to cancel a sample. This procedure can be very embarrassing, embarrassing, and mortifying. For a young athlete, what gives a sample of urine in these conditions can be very traumatising. Many people, independently of their age, are comfortable with the idea of being noticed while giving a sample of urine. Situation still becomes more complicated if an athlete was not in competition in sports of endurance and is desiccated or in competition in a weighty category where they are reticent to drink the liquid in excess.
At least 75 ml is necessary be managed under narrow surveillance and the urine is divided into 2 parts " A " and " B " bottles. The athlete chooses both bottles encoded and samples are sealed by the athlete. In most cases, alone the athlete manages the urine and the containers of collection until the sealing. Containers are sealed by the falsification of bands proof, put inside other sealed containers, enveloped in the obvious falsification of the seals and encoded. The independent civil servant of observation of files example of procedure all information on a document. He launches a chain of register of detention is necessary continue by a person who manipulates the sample until the urine is used or thrown on the scrapheap in the laboratory. The personnel of the laboratory never knows the name of the athlete, alone the number of identification of the bottle. All those who manipulate the sample must understand the importance of the chain of responsibility and the essential role to support her. The chain of guarantees keeps that the contents of the sample is protected and that the tested sample is of the athlete correct.
The possibility of sabotage of a sample of urine was many times raised by the athletes. It is for this reason that the athletes have to be sure that the procedure of screening is noticed in a strict way for their own protection. Samples must be sent in appropriate containers and all documents filled without error. After this athlete of the precision of the system is not any more part her of process and must count on integrity and. The sample is then taken and sends by post, accompanied with a chain of document of the nurse, in an accredited laboratory.
IS IT violation?
While the trial protocol in May important reasons for this protocol seem excessive and undermine some rights of private life and decency, it ya. There are athletes' many reports using complex arrangements of catheters to give a sample of replacement, what carries the condom filled with drugs in the urine free in the trial station, and catheterization and to instill in them the urine without drug. If the athletes go to this length to avoid detection, the trial protocol must be strict.
At level elite, the athletes are subjected to length of year of the unpredictable tests. Any time, an agent of independent sampling in May call accidentally and to ask for a sample of urine. Although this simple meeting in theory, practices it, there are many difficulties. Often, the athletes Trip in the world and to find the athlete can be difficult. After the independent manager of sampling asks for prices to find the athlete in question, it is unlikely that screening remains a surprise.
The good conservation of samples is important for the reliability of tests. Once collected, samples must be protected so that fluid, when it is tested in laboratory, reflects the composition of the sample such as he left the body of the tested person. As part of the policy of sports dope, the urine is not refrigerated or frozen until it attains the laboratory. In a clinical context, the biggest care is taken to assure that the tested sample is also close as possible of the state in which she left the body. This is fulfilled by adding an agent of conservation or more often by refrigeration or freezing of the sample. With tests across the world in sports, samples are sent across the world and there cannot be delays in their delivery in laboratories.
Refrigeration or freezing of the sample is habitual practice in clinical middle, note that it is not indeed case in sports. The addition of chemicals to tell bacterial growth in the urine could preserve the model and in May be a more practical alternative. Athletes, however, consider this method with some distrust and to think that this in May to introduce the possibility of touching the sample. Current scientific data point out that their fears are groundless. The urine contains thousands of bacteria coming from different kinds.
It is all the more case for a sexually active woman. Of urine taken at an athlete female will contain cells of the skin and microorganisms of the intestine emptied in the zone of the vagina by the sweat. Many bacteria are omnipresent and to survive, even in the tap water of plumbing; if the water used to wash or other one of the packagings of samples, other microorganisms could be added to the sample. Bacteria, in a container for which the urine is added, can thrive in such means which is infinitely richer in nutriments than the water in which they survived. Many voters of the urine to support the growth of these bacteria, and the metabolism introduces a serious problem in the screening of drugs because of risk of falsifying the results of tests anti-dope. In this respect, the urine contains several stéroïdes which is used by bacterial enzymes which can if endogenous interconvertissent stéroïdes in measure to produce (testosterone) of T in urines. Because of concentration of stéroïdes in the urine, even a weak conversion rate of stéroïdes in T will produce a level of T sufficient to distort the result of the test. So that the athletes should be concerned more if the representatives to add something to sample of urine and not the opposite.
Sport and Drug Testing
